Ancient History Encyclopedia. Kahina is thought to have fought alongside Aksel in the 680’s CE & proven herself in battle. Accounts vary concerning her death; she may have been captured and later executed or may have poisoned herself, but the most commonly accepted account is that she died in battle with her troops, still clutching her sword. Aksel capitalized on his victory by expanding his territory and gaining more recruits but was killed in battle with the Muslim Arab leader Hasan ibn al Nu’man in either 686 CE or 688 CE. Changer ), Vous commentez à l’aide de votre compte Twitter. Mark, J. J. In 2001 CE a statue of Kahina was raised in the Parc de Bercy, Paris as one of a number in an exhibit called “Children of the World” (Les Enfants du Monde). In either 702 or 705 CE Kahina met Hasan in battle. It seems it was Hasan, then, who after reforming his army following Kahina’s victory returned to meet her a final time. Books It is possible, then, that Hasan, or another commander, initiated the scorched-earth policy in North Africa to demoralize the people – just as they had elsewhere – and it worked to break the resistance. The Berbers: The North African Nomads Who Live In The Sahara Desert, Aksel of Mauretania defeats Arab forces in, Kahina, The Woman They Don’t Love by Ghania Khelifi, The Kahina: The Female Face of Berber History by Cynthia Becker, North Africa, Revised Edition: A History from Antiquity to the Present. Kahina’s alleged gift of prophecy is said to have enabled her to foreknow how her opponent would form troops, how they would be reinforced, and what direction they would come from. Pour en savoir davantage, y compris comment contrôler les cookies, voir : … Her birth name was Dihya, or some variant thereof (“the beautiful gazelle” in the Tamazight language of the Imazighen) while “Kahina” is an Arabic title meaning “prophetess” or “seer” or “witch”. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. The contention that the Arabs were not interested in forced conversion comes from certain verses of the Quran which discourage it (2:62; 2:256; 4:93; 16:125, among others) but there are other passages which support and encourage the practice (4:76; 9:5; 9:29; 9:38-39, to cite only a few). Those who had formerly supported Kahina openly may no longer have been able to afford to with their crops and homes destroyed. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. It became the Praetorian Prefecture of Africa, under the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, following the defeat of the Vandals in North Africa in c. 534 CE and was then known as the Exarchate of Africa, remaining under Byzantine control. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Kahina/. Changer ), Vous commentez à l’aide de votre compte Google. Small pockets of resistance still held out - and many of the wives of Numidian chiefs are said to have killed themselves rather than be taken by the Arabs - but between c. 705-750 CE North Africa was fully conquered and the people converted to Islam. ( Déconnexion / Legends suggest she could communicate with birds who were able to warn her of advancing armies. (171-172). Avertissez-moi par e-mail des nouveaux articles. https://www.ancient.eu/Kahina/. In the 7th century CE, the Arabian armies began campaigns of conquest following the establishment of the new religion of Islam. Aksel had been a Christian who converted to Islam voluntarily sometime earlier because it seemed more profitable. http://blip.tv/file/get/KahinaKanoun-Les10AnsDuPACS948.mp3. She therefore commanded her army to tear down the fortifications, destroy the cities and towns, and melt down the gold and silver. Changer ), Vous commentez à l’aide de votre compte Facebook. Gregory was killed at the Battle of Sufetula in 647 CE, south of Carthage, and his successor paid the Arab forces a sizeable tribute to return to Egypt. If Koceila did succeed Aksel, it was not for long as Kahina was in command of the army by c. 690 CE. Entrez vos coordonnées ci-dessous ou cliquez sur une icône pour vous connecter: Vous commentez à l’aide de votre compte WordPress.com. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide.
He was captured by the Arab forces but was allowed to live, perhaps because of his knowledge of their religion or perhaps he pretended to still be Muslim. The two main tribes in the region were known as the Masaesyli, to the west, and the Massylii to the east. The Numidians under Rome became a diverse culture of religious traditions. It is also possible that, by this time, the people simply saw a Muslim Arab victory as inevitable; Kahina herself may have felt this same way as evidenced by the later surrender of her sons to Hasan. It has also been claimed that the Muslim Arabs had no motive for forced conversion because non-believers were forced to pay a tax (the jizya) to live among Muslims and this was more profitable than forced conversion. ( Déconnexion / His life was spared but he was ordered to disband his troops and convert them to Islam. Libyan Figure Statueby Guillaume Blanchard (CC BY-SA). Written by Joshua J. Last modified March 16, 2018. Qui est vraiment Kahina Kanoun ? As a province of Rome, the Imazighen became involved in the Roman Civil War between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great in 46 BCE, and the region was subsequently controlled by Augustus Caesar (r. 27 BCE-14 CE) after 31 BCE. Her head was then cut off and brought to Hasan as a trophy.
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